Best Free Reference

The Guide to North American Birds, part of the National Audubon Society website, describes over 1000 species of birds in North America. Birds can be browsed by species or searched by name or species. Entries provide information on conservation status, scientific classification (family, genus, and species), habitat, photographs, detailed range maps, migration information, and natural history (feeding, breeding, habitat, eggs, young, etc.). Apps are available for iPhones and Android and information can be shared on Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, and email. An About page describes the history and work of the Audubon society, as well as information about local chapters and birding.

Data.census.gov is a source for population, economic, and geographic information and data about the United States, Puerto Rico, and the Island areas.

AnnualReports.com bills itself as "the most complete and up-to-date listing of Annual Reports online". Search by company or ticker symbol or browse by alphabetical name, sector, industry, exchange, or index. Once a company is located, its most recent annual report or 10-K report can be viewed in HTML and/or PDF. If available and the user requests it, a print annual report will be mailed to a specified address. Other information included is a brief description of the company and a short list of similar companies with annual reports on this site. Content is useful for shareholders, investors, company employees, students, and others interested in publically-traded companies' financial statements, accomplishments, and goals.

Art UK provides access to the entire collection of paintings in public ownership at national museums and organizations, local museums, charitable trusts, universities, hospitals, town halls, local libraries, and other civic buildings throughout the United Kingdom. In addition, the site includes works from a number of non-public collections, such as those in Bishop's palaces and Oxford and Cambridge colleges. The vast majority of the works on the site are oil paintings, but works in acrylic and tempera are also included. Over 200,000 artworks by 38,370 artists from over 3,000 venues are included. While the majority of artists represented are British artists, a number of artists from other countries are also included, such as Raphael, Claude Monet, and Vincent Van Gogh. Project partners include the BBC, Oxford University Press, the Public Monuments and Sculpture Association, Culture 24, the Visual Geometry Group at Oxford University and the University of Glasgow.

JournalTOCs is a very large collection of free Tables of Contents for subscription and open access scholarly journals. The over 2,800 publishers represented include Elsevier, Wiley, Taylor & Francis, Oxford, Cambridge, the American Chemical Society, Project Muse, and the American Psychological Association. Search by journal title or keyword; browse by subject or publisher; or register for a free account to be alerted when journal(s) you elect to follow publish a new issue. This service is especially useful for scholars, students, librarians, and others who want to keep up with the articles published in selected journals.

The National Parks Service (NPS) will celebrate 100 years in August 2016. The website provides basic park information; celebrates park news & events; provides educational resources; and provides resources like web-cams to study air quality in several parks in the United States. The images and descriptions illustrate the breadth of the NPS, added features such as interactives and webcams provide greater content. Additionally, history and the sciences are represented by facts and projects. Teachers have several options including distance learning to use in a K-12 curriculum. The kids page offers opportunities for kids to join junior rangers and web rangers. This website is a reference site in that it provides access to the needed information to visit a park and all the activities available.

National Transportation Statistics presents statistics on the U.S. transportation system. Information includes safety statistics (accident, injuries/fatalities, etc.), energy consumption, air pollution, how transportation relates to the economy (gross domestic product) and much more. Besides traditional motor vehicles, the site also included data for other modes of transportation such as airlines, water crafts and railroads. Data is accessible via HTML, Excel or CSV files. The site is updated quarterly.

Reference.com is a portal of language reference tools. Resources available on the site include an encyclopedia, dictionary, thesaurus, translator, and Spanish language tutorial. Additional resources include word games, such as crossword puzzles, and a quotation finder. The various tools of the site can be accessed by clicking on the buttons at the top of the page. Each tool can be searched by using a basic search box. Dictionary definitions and thesaurus terms are taken from established sources, such as the American Heritage, Harper Collins, and Random House dictionaries. Encyclopedia entries are provided by the Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, the Encyclopedia Britannica, and Wikipedia. Special features include a blog, a daily crossword puzzle, a crossword solver, and a mobile app for the site's online dictionary.

The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy (IEP) is a non-profit organization that provides open access to detailed, scholarly information on key topics and philosophers in all areas of philosophy. The staff of 30 editors and approximately 300 authors hold doctorate degrees and are professors at colleges and universities around the world (though mostly from English-speaking countries). Submissions are peer reviewed by specialists according to strict criteria.

Maintained by the Agricultural Marketing Service, a division of the United States Department of Agriculture, this site has four directories to search for locally-grown food. Users can find nearby farmer's markets, CSA networks, farms, and distributors of locally grown food. Directories are searchable by location, product availability, payment method, and whether or not the market participates in federal nutrition programs.

The U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) is an independent agency of the federal government. It works to provide assistance and aid to small businesses. This site contains educational videos, resource guides, free online classes, and contact information for local agencies. This site is well designed and has a comprehensive search engine.

This is one of the premiere reference websites for web developers and designers. In addition to a massive catalog of pages explaining different elements of HTML, Javascript, PHP, and more, it has built in tutorials and tasks that users can go through to learn more about web design. There are better places to learn the basics of web design and coding (ex. Codecademy), but as a reference tool for looking up commands and tools, ranging from both very basic to very complex topics, this site has a lot of the information designers and developers need to get started. Furthermore, this site is critically important to both novices and experts.

This site provides digital copies of the Statistical Abstract of the United States for the years 1878 through 2012 when the Statistical Compendia program ended with a few omissions (1886, 1890, 1923, 1932, and 1975). Supplements such as the Historical Statistics of the United States, State and Metropolitan Area Data Book, and County and City Data Book are available for some years. The Statistical Abstracts and related supplements are a treasure trove of statistical data useful for students, researchers, and the general public seeking to locate social, political, and economic data for the United States since its beginning (and before).

The Ballot Measure Database is part of the much larger National Conference of State Legislatures website. This database "includes all statewide ballot measures, starting over a century ago" from all types of state elections: General, Primary, and Special. New ballot measures are added to the database when they qualify to be listed on a state's ballot. They are marked "Pass" or "Fail" as soon as election results are available. Browse by State and/or Topic and limit by date. This is a very useful site for anyone interested in locating state issues that have appeared on a state ballot in the last 100 plus years.

Goodreads is a large social network for readers that can be used as a readers advisory tool.

The Global Terrorism Database (GTD) is an open-source searchable database of information on terrorist events around the world. The site includes systematic data on domestic as well as international terrorist incidents that have occurred from 1970 through 2014 and includes more than 140,000 cases. The database can be searched or browsed by date, region, country, perpetrator group, weapon type, attack type, or target type. For each incident, information is available on the date and location of the incident, the weapons used and nature of the target, the number of casualties, and when available, the group or individual responsible.

Find a Grave is a free resource for finding the burial places of famous people, family members, and ancestors. The site's mission is to "find, record and present final disposition information from around the world as a virtual cemetery experience." Burial records can be searched by name or by cemetery. Disposition information may include, depending on the person, tombstone photos, birth and death dates, biographies, obituaries, family links, and burial location. The site would be useful for genealogists, history buffs, or anyone interested in locating the final resting place of their favorite celebrity.

The Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) is a non-profit organization that is a registered library in the state of Massachusetts. The DPLA offers users the opportunity to search over a million items from collections in libraries, archives, and museums located in the United States. Searches can be conducted by utilizing the search box on top of the website or the user can make use of available timelines, maps and virtual bookshelves. Apps are available on the App Library webpage. By registering for a free account, the user can save information on their own personal bookshelf for later use. The website works with widely used browsers. Apps for iOS and Android devices are available on the App Library webpage.

The New York Public Library has digitized over 650,000 items from their collections and made them searchable in a user-friendly web portal. A variety of different types of media are included in the collection such as images, texts, and streaming video. Contents of the digital collections are extremely varied and include things like images of mid-century Manhattan, cigarette cards, and fashion illustrations. Many of the items in the collection are also available for download, including over 180,000 of them that are in the public domain. The site is updated daily as more collections are digitized. NYPL also has a number of experimental tools for extracting data from the digital collections that allow users to further explore the materials.

This web site provides links to over 300 commencement speeches from 1774 to the present. The speeches can be searched by name, school, or date; or browsed by theme or the name of the presenter. Speaker pages include a photograph or illustration of the speaker, the location and year of the speech, a quotation from the speech, the text or a link to the text of the speech on an outside web site, and, if available, a video of the speaker presenting the speech. Represented speakers include presidents, politicians, academics, musicians, celebrities, entrepreneurs, journalists, and actors. The site would be useful when needing to write a speech of one's own, to analyze the content of various speeches, or when searching for quotations from speeches.

The Cancer Statistics Center is an interactive website for learning about cancer in the United States. Produced by the American Cancer Society, the site provides statistics on the estimated new cancer cases and deaths by sex, state, and cancer type in the current year; current cancer incidence, mortality, and survival rates and trends; and risk factors (e.g.: smoking, obesity) and screening rates by state. The site "aims to serve the needs of cancer control advocates, journalists, government and private public health agencies, and policy makers, as well as patients, survivors and the general public, in order to promote cancer prevention and control."

The mission of CORE (COnnecting REpositories) is to bring together all open access research outputs from repositories and journals throughout the world and make them freely available to the public. CORE provides free unrestricted access to research for all through harvesting available open access content. One can search for CORE articles via a comprehensive search engine on the home page or by browsing the latest additions.